Physicochemical quality and consumer discrimination of industrial and traditional fermented sausages / Qualidade físico-química e discriminação pelo consumidor de salames industriais e coloniais

ABSTRACT: Salami tipo Italiáno ("Italian Salami") and Linguiça Colonial ("Colonial Sausage") are fermented sausages widely consumed in southern Brazil and commonly confused by consumers. Colonial sausages often characterized by greater diversity of physicochemical and sensory qualities, which often can weaken a product's identity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the description and discrimination of brands of Italian Salami and Colonial Sausage using the "check-all-that- apply" technique by consumers and in parallel to relate the sensory perception to the physicochemical qualities of the fermented sausages. Results revealed a lack of physicochemical and sensory standardization for the Colonial Sausage brands (traditional). Sensory evaluations were most effective for discriminating industrial and traditional sausages. Through the check-all-that apply technique, consumers described and discriminated the samples, and set a standard for better hedonic acceptance of fermented sausages.

RESUMO: Salame Tipo Italiano e Linguiça Colonial são embutidos fermentados largamente consumidos na região sul do Brasil e comumente confundidas pelos consumidores. Com caráter tradicional, a Linguiça Colonial é frequentemente caracterizada por apresentar maior diversidade nas características físico-químicas e sensoriais, o que muitas vezes pode vir ao desencontro do fortalecimento de uma identidade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a descrição e a discriminação de Salame Tipo Italiano e de Linguiça Colonial por consumidores, por meio do uso da técnica Check all that apply; e de forma paralela relacionar a percepção sensorial às qualidades físico químicas dos embutidos fermentados. Os resultados revelaram falta de padronização físico-química e sensorial para as Linguiças Coloniais. As avaliações sensoriais foram mais eficazes para a discriminação dos embutidos fermentados. Os consumidores, por meio da técnica Check-all-that apply, descreveram e discrimnaram as amostras, além de definirem um padrão de melhor aceitação hedônica para embutidos fermentados.

Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação do School Companion Sensory Profile 2 para crianças brasileiras / Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the School Companion Sensory Profile 2 for Brazilian children

Avaliar os padrões de disfunção sensorial através de instrumentos que possam mensurar os resultados é de extrema importância para a avaliação e a elaboração do plano terapêutico com ações e estratégias de intervenção, tanto no contexto clínico como domiciliar e escolar. Estudos para tradução e validação cultural dos instrumentos são essenciais e cada vez mais difundidos no campo da terapia ocupacional, para que os profissionais possam incorporar em sua avaliação instrumentos confiáveis que possam mensurar os resultados da intervenção e que estejam adequados ao público-alvo. Este é um estudo metodológico, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, que teve como objetivo descrever o processo de tradução, adaptação cultural e validação das propriedades psicométricas do instrumento School Companion Sensory Profile 2 (SCSP 2) para crianças brasileiras. A pesquisa foi realizada em escolas públicas e particulares de Franca/ SP e conduzida no Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa de Terapia Ocupacional na Infância e Adolescência (LEPTOI) da Universidade de São Paulo. A amostra total incluiu 74 professores de crianças e adolescentes de 3 a 14 anos e 11 meses, que responderam ao questionário referente a 146 crianças. Método: A versão em português para o Brasil foi obtida através de duas etapas principais: a primeira consistiu do processo de tradução, retrotradução e estudo de validade de face; na segunda etapa, foram realizados estudos psicométricos por meio da consistência interna, fidedignidade teste-reteste, análise fatorial confirmatória, e análise de pontos de corte de escores. Para a primeira etapa, os resultados revelaram que, a partir da validade de face, houve adequação semântica e compreensibilidade do instrumento por parte dos respondentes. Para a segunda etapa, o software STATA auxiliou nas análises, e o SCSP 2 apresentou consistência interna total > 0.96, mas quando analisado por áreas sensoriais a consistência foi entre 0.7 e 0.9 para todas as áreas com exceção da área comportamental. Os quadrantes "procura sensorial" e "sensibilidade sensorial" apresentaram a média dos valores de alfa de 0.8 e os quadrantes "evita sensorial" e "registro sensorial" apresentaram a média dos valores de alfa de 0.9. Os fatores escolares apresentaram a média dos valores de alfa de 0.9, com exceção do fator 2 que apresentou a média de 0.8. Sobre o teste-reteste, houve alta concordância com valor de Kappa ponderado na categoria quase perfeita. Entretanto, a análise fatorial não confirma a estrutura atual desse instrumento. A rotação da matriz mostrou que itens poderiam ser alocados em domínios diferentes aos que pertencem originalmente, mostrando correlações distintas entre os itens e dimensões. Os pontos de corte dos escores brasileiros foram pouco diferentes dos americanos. Algumas questões a serem exploradas são em relação à equivalência da estrutura do instrumento, a equivalência das cargas, a quantidade de itens, a covariância entre os fatores do instrumento e os erros de medida. Estudos futuros poderão verificar a validade e confiabilidade do SCSP 2 entre diferentes populações com uso de instrumentos que possam avaliar o mesmo constructo, observando validades convergentes e discriminantes.

Assessing patterns of sensory dysfunction through instruments that can also measure the results is of extremely importance for the evaluation and development of the therapeutic plan with intervention actions and strategies, both in the clinical, family and school contexts. Studies of translation and cultural validation of instruments are essential and are being increasingly widespread in the field of Occupational Therapy in a way that professionals can incorporate in their assessments reliable instruments that can also measure the results of the intervention and that are suitable for the target audience. This is a methodological, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, which aimed to describe the process of translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the psychometric properties of the School Companion Sensory Profile 2 (SCSP 2) for Brazilian children. The research was carried out in public and private schools in Franca/SP and conducted at the Teaching and Research Laboratory of Occupational Therapy in Childhood and Adolescence (LEPTOI) at the University of São Paulo. The total sample included 74 teachers of children and adolescents aged 3 to 14 years and 11 months, who answered the questionnaire about 146 children. Method: The Portuguese version for Brazil was obtained through two main steps: the first consisted of the translation process, back-translation, content validity study and pre-test phase in a pilot study. In the second step, psychometric studies were carried out using internal consistency, test- retest reliability, confirmatory factor analysis, and analysis of cut-off points for scores. First stage results revealed that, from the face validity, there was semantic adequacy and comprehensibility of both instruments by the respondents. The STATA software aided in the analysis in the second stage, in which the SCSP 2 showed total internal consistency > 0.96, but when analyzed by sensory areas, the consistency was between 0.7 and 0.9 for all areas except the behavioral area. The quadrants "sensory seeking" and "sensory sensitivity" presented the average of the alpha values of 0.8 and the quadrants "sensory avoidance" and "sensory registration" had the average of the alpha values of 0.9. School factors had an average of alpha values of 0.9, with the exception of factor 2, which had an average of 0.8. Regarding the test-retest for both instruments, there was a high level of agreement with the weighted Kappa value in the almost perfect category. However, factor analysis does not confirm the current structure of this instrument. The matrix rotation showed that items could be allocated in different domains to those they originally belong, showing distinct correlations between the items and dimensions. The cut-off points for Brazilian scores were slightly different when compared with the American scores. Some questions to be explored are in relation to the equivalence of the instrument's structure, the equivalence of the loads, the number of items, the covariance between the factors of the instrument and the measurement errors. Future studies will be able to verify the validity and reliability of SCSP 2 among different populations using instruments that can assess the same construct, observing convergent and discriminating validities.

La ingeniería del software y su aplicación en el análisis de indicadores de repetitividad y reproducibilidad de jueces, en el proceso de evaluación del perfil sensorial del licor de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)

Esta investigación tuvo como finalidad determinar indicadores de repetitividad, y reproducibilidad, entre grupos de jueces y jueces en forma individual, en procesos de evaluación del perfil sensorial del licor del cacao, con la implementación de un aplicativo, usando técnicas de ingeniería del software. Para lo anterior se realizó un estudio descriptivo y de investigación aplicada iniciando con la gestión de conocimiento, en el área de la evaluación sensorial del cacao, para la adaptación de un método de entrada y procesamiento de datos, en módulos de software, cuyos resultados de los indicadores mencionados, producto de dos sesiones realizadas, se compararon contra tablas t-student para verificar la existencia o no de diferencias significativas. Como resultado de la investigación, se comprobó que el entrenamiento aplicado a los jueces fue adecuado y que los juicios establecidos, en el proyecto de evaluación de modelos de siembra, son confiables y se garantiza que existe un grado de repetitividad para cada juez y de reproducibilidad entre jueces con un error para ambos, del 0.05%. Se pudo verificar que el uso de técnicas de gestión de conocimiento y de ingeniería del software, en eventos de análisis de indicadores en el proceso de evaluación del perfil sensorial del licor de cacao (Theobroma cacao L), garantizan la optimización de procedimientos relacionados con la recolección y procesamiento de datos y con la salida y validación de resultados.

This research had like principal objective to determine the indicators of repeatability and reproducibility between the groups of judges and the judges alone, on processes of evaluation of sensorial profile of the cocoa liquor with the use of an app using software engineering techniques. For this purpose, a descriptive study and an applied research was carried out starting with the knowledge management, in the area of sensorial evaluation of the cocoa, for the adaptation of a method of input and data processing, in software modules, whose outputs of mentioned indicators, result of two sessions performed, were compared against t-student tables to verify the existence or not of significant differences. As a result of the investigation, it was proved that the training of the judges was suitable and the established judgments on the project of evaluation of sowing models are trustable, and it is guaranteed that exists a repeatability degree for each judge and a reproducibility between judges with an error of 0,05% for both. It was verified with the use of knowledge management techniques and Software Engineering, in events of analysis of indicators on the process of evaluation of Sensorial Profile of Cocoa liquor (Theobroma cacao L), guarantee the optimization of procedures related with the collection and processing data and with the output and validation of results.

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo determinar indicadores de repetitividade e reprodutibilidade entre grupos de juízes e juízes individualmente na avaliação processa perfil sensorial de licor de cacau, com a implementação de uma aplicação, utilizando técnicas de engenharia de software. Para o que precede, um estudo descritivo e pesquisa aplicada começando com a gestão de conhecimento na área da avaliação sensorial de cacau, para adaptar um método de entrada e processamento de dados em módulos de software, os resultados destes indicadores, produto de duas sessões realizadas, foram comparados com tabelas t-student para verificar a existência de diferenças significativas. Como resultado da investigação, verificou-se que o treinamento aplicado aos juízes foi adequada e que os ensaios estabelecidos no projecto de modelos de avaliação de plantio são de confiança e garante que há um grau de repetitividade para cada juiz e reprodutibilidade entre os juízes com um erro, para ambos 0,05%. Verificou-se que o uso de técnicas de gestão de conhecimento e engenharia de software, análise de eventos de indicadores na avaliação do perfil sensorial de licor de cacau (Theobroma cacao L), garantem a otimização dos procedimentos relativos à A recolha e processamento de dados e resultados de saída e validação.

Intervención de integración sensorial en niños con trastorno del espectro autista / Intervention of sensory integration in children with autism spectrum disorder

El estudio aborda intervenciones de la terapia ocupacional con base teórica metodológica en el modelo de integración sensorial en dos niños de cinco y ocho años con trastorno del espectro autista. Son comparadas las evaluaciones antes y después de las intervenciones con base en el perfil sensorial y descriptas intervenciones en la clínica, delineando las acciones, como parte del tratamiento. Se confirmó que los resultados del estudio corroboran con los encontrados en la literatura, o sea, con base en la integración sensorial favorecen la mejora de varios aspectos del procesamiento sensorial y mejor desempeño funcional.

The study has with focus the occupational therapy interventions with theoretical and methodological basis of the sensory integration model with two children with five and eight years with autism spectrum disorder. The assessments are compared before and after the interventions based on the sensory profile and described the clinical interventions, outlining the actions and activities of sensory diet that children made in their homes as part of the treatment. The results confirms that this study corroborate the findings in the literature, ie, interventions based on sensory integration provides improvement in several aspects of sensory processing and better functional performance.

Uso del perfil sensorial: distinguiendo los resultados entre los niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) argentinos y estadounidenses / Using sensory profile: distinguishing the results among children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Argentines and Americans

El propósito de este estudio fue distinguir y contrastar cuales de los nueve los factores presentes en el cuestionario del perfil sensorial son significativos y dan una diferencia definitiva en un grupo de niños argentinos y si hay coincidencia con la muestra de niños americanos. El objetivo principal fue contrastar los resultados en los factores presentes en el Perfil Sensorial presentes en un grupo de niños en una ciudad de Argentina y grupo de niños americanos con Trastorno del Espectro Autista. Se aplica como herramienta el cuestionario para cuidadores Perfil Sensorial de Winnie Dunn2 La población-muestra se obtuvo de la práctica privada obteniendo una muestra de 19 niños entre 3 a 10 años. Para obtener los factores en la población americana se utiliza una investigación realizada en 1997 por las TO Julie Ermer y Winnie Dunn en la que concluyeron que mayormente afectados en su grupo de 38 niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista fueron los factor 1 (búsqueda sensorial), factor 4 (sensibilidad sensorial oral), factor 5 Inatención/ Distracción) y factor 9 (motricidad fina/ percepción).

The purpose of this study was to distinguish and contrast which of the nine factors present in the sensory profile questionnaire are significant and give a definite difference in a group of Argentine children and if there is a match with the sample of American children. The main objective was to compare the results on the factors present in the sensory profile present in a group of children in a city in Argentina and group of American children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Apply the questionnaire as a tool for caregivers Sensory Profile Winnie Dunn The sample population was obtained from private practice to obtain a sample of 19 children aged 3 to 10 years. For the factors in the American population using research conducted in 1997 by Julie TO Ermer and Winnie Dunn in which they concluded that most affected in their group of 38 children with ASD were the factor 1 (sensory seeking), factor 4 (oral sensory sensitivity) factor of 5 (Inattention / Distraction) and factor 9 (fine motor / perception).

Sensory profile of first grade students: analysis and comparison with school performance / Perfil sensorial de estudantes da primeira série do ensino fundamental: análise e comparação com o desempenho escolar

Introduction: Children must adequately perceive their environment before they can actually develop and manipulate it. Human beings perceive their environment through their senses. To manipulate this environment, we must capture information through our sense organs and decode, process, integrate and interpret the pieces of information, so that we can act adequately in our environment. Difficulties to process or interpret sensory information will result in learning impairment. Objective: To compare the Sensory Profile results with the scores of first grade students aged between 6 and 8 years old; to observe the relation between sensory processing quality and school performance. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Results: Results indicate high incidence of sensory problems that interfere in the quality of muscular tonus and body posture. Visual information presented the highest processing quality, while vestibular and oral information presented the lowest processing quality. Finally, it was possible to observe that children who present sensory processing at Typical Performance and Probable Difference scores tend to present the best academic achievement. Conclusion: Sensory processing interferes in academic achievement, but this is not the only factor that predicts good school scores. The highest number of changes presented is related to vestibular information.(AU)

Introdução: Para que uma criança se desenvolva e manipule o ambiente, é necessário perceber o meio de forma adequada. O ser humano percebe o ambiente em que se encontra através dos sentidos. Para manipular o ambiente, o homem deve captar as informações do ambiente através dos órgãos dos sentidos, decodificar tais informações, processá-las, integrá-las e interpretá-las para, então, agir sobre o meio de forma adequada. Em caso de dificuldades no processamento ou interpretação das informações sensoriais, essas resultarão em dificuldades de aprendizagem. Objetivo: comparar os resultados do perfil sensorial com as notas dos estudantes do primeiro ano do ensino fundamental com idade entre 6 e 8 anos para observar a relação entre a qualidade do processamento sensorial e o desempenho escolar. Metodologia: Estudo transversal de análise descritiva. Resultados: Os dados indicam que há alta incidência de alterações sensoriais que interferem na intensidade do tônus muscular e na manutenção da postura. As informações visuais são as que apresentam melhor qualidade de processamento, enquanto o processamento de informações vestibulares e orais são os mais deficientes. Foi observado, por fim, que crianças que apresentam processamento sensorial nos níveis de Desempenho típico e Diferença provável tendem a apresentar melhor desempenho escolar. Conclusão: o processamento sensorial interfere no desempenho acadêmico mas não é o único preditor de bom resultado escolar. As informações vestibulares apresentam maior número de alterações em seu processamento sensorial.(AU)

Perfil sensorial de estudantes da primeira série do ensino fundamental: análise e comparação com o desempenho escolar / Sensory profile of first grade students: analysis and comparison with schoolperformance

Introdução: Para que uma criança se desenvolva e manipule o ambiente, é necessário perceber o meiode forma adequada. O ser humano percebe o ambiente em que se encontra através dos sentidos. Para manipularo ambiente, o homem deve captar as informações do ambiente através dos órgãos dos sentidos, decodificar taisinformações, processá-las, integrá-las e interpretá-las para, então, agir sobre o meio de forma adequada. Em casode dificuldades no processamento ou interpretação das informações sensoriais, essas resultarão em dificuldadesde aprendizagem. Objetivo: comparar os resultados do perfil sensorial com as notas dos estudantes do primeiroano do ensino fundamental com idade entre 6 e 8 anos para observar a relação entre a qualidade do processamentosensorial e o desempenho escolar. Metodologia: Estudo transversal de análise descritiva. Resultados: Os dadosindicam que há alta incidência de alterações sensoriais que interferem na intensidade do tônus muscular e namanutenção da postura. As informações visuais são as que apresentam melhor qualidade de processamento,enquanto o processamento de informações vestibulares e orais são os mais deficientes. Foi observado, por fim,que crianças que apresentam processamento sensorial nos níveis de Desempenho típico e Diferença prováveltendem a apresentar melhor desempenho escolar. Conclusão: o processamento sensorial interfere no desempenhoacadêmico mas não é o único preditor de bom resultado escolar. As informações vestibulares apresentam maiornúmero de alterações em seu processamento sensorial.

Introduction: Children must adequately perceive their environment before they can actually develop and manipulate it. Human beings perceive their environment through their senses. To manipulate this environment, we must capture information through our sense organs and decode, process, integrate and interpret the pieces of information, so that we can act adequately in our environment. Difficulties to process or interpret sensory information will result in learning impairment. Objective: To compare the Sensory Profile results with the scores of first grade students aged between 6 and 8 years old; to observe the relation between sensory processing quality and school performance. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Results: Results indicate high incidence of sensory problems that interfere in the quality of muscular tonus and body posture. Visual information presented the highest processing quality, while vestibular and oral information presented the lowest processing quality. Finally, it was possible to observe that children who present sensory processing at Typical Performance and Probable Difference scores tend to present the best academic achievement. Conclusion: Sensory processing interferes in academic achievement, but this is not the only factor that predicts good school scores. The highest number of changes presented is related to vestibular information.

Asociación entre el perfil sensorial, el funcionamiento de la relación cuidador-niño y el desarrollo psicomotor a los tres años de edad / Association between the sensory profile, the quality of the infant-parent relationship and the child development, at three years of age

Since the beginning of the last century there were some differences in child-related difficulties in regulation that could not be included in the categories of diagnosis were counted, so they fitted within the learning problems, coordination problems and sometimes until the epilepsy. Decades later, each problem was subject of a separate diagnostic category, which favored the study of diseases, but fragmented the diagnosis for children who had a variety of symptoms that some of them were due to a single source. Then the diagnoses increased in coordination disorder, attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity (ADHD), the sensory integration dysfunction, language disorders, and so on. In order to complete the criteria of DSM-IV, in the case of children the Zero to Three/National Center for Clinical Programs for Infants developed a diagnostic classification for children from 0 to 3 years old (DC: O-3). The DC: 0-3, consists of five axes. The Axis I refers to the primary diagnosis, and includes the regulatory disorders and developmental disorders that affect different systems. Regulatory disorders are constitutional in nature, based on sensory problems, or sensorimotor processing, characterized by difficulties of the child to regulate their behavior, sensory, attention, motor and/or emotional, to organize positive affective states, warning or actions to calm down. The objective of the present research was to establish the association between the characteristics of the Sensory Profile, the parent-infant relationship and the psychomotor development of children. Materials and methods To assess the level of development of children was used the Conduct Development Profile, as revised (PCD-R). For the parent-infant relationship was used the Parent-Infant Relationship Global Assessment Scale (PIR-GAS). Thus, to recognize a regulatory disorder it was used the Sensory Profile which assess the child's sensory processing and its impact on the daily lives of children. To fit the relationship style in one of the categories, the children and their caregiver play for about 15 minutes with three types of toys, according to the classification of Florey. Statistical analysis For data analysis were conducted descriptive statistics of the general variables and those of primary interest, test Chi² for contingence tables test, correspondence analysis and comparison one-way variance analysis. Analyses conducted using SPSS 12.0 statistical software. Results The children had an average age of 43.2 ± 4.2 months, 50% were girls, development showed ratios of around 105 ± 15 points. The average ratios of development were higher in girls than in boys in all areas except manual skill. The characteristics of sensory profile were established on the basis of results obtained in the SP: 1 7 children (31 %) were located in the group with <> sensory profile, which refers to the scores within the parameters of typical performance or have up to two factors with likely difference; 21 children (39%) were located in the <> group when the subjects likely to exceed two factors with difference and up to 1 factor with definitive difference, and 1 6 children (30%) in the <> group formed by the cases that are more than three factors likely to dispute and/ or difference with more than two final (over four factors outside of the typical performance). Sections of <>, <>, <> and <> were those that had a higher frequency of profiles of children outside typical behavior (50%). The section of <> was the most frequent typical behavior among children (78%). In relation to the factors, the proportion of children who had values within the typical range in each of the factors of SP was 41 % to 83%, <> and <> were the most affected by having more than a half of the cases outside of the typical range, while <> and <> were the least altered, being over 75% of cases characterized as typical performance. At the regulatory disorders assessment boys showed more frequent regulatory disruptions, 44% respect to girls 15% (p <0.05). Additionally areas of PCD-R showed some degree of correlation with at least two areas of the SP, the <> and <> areas of the PCD-R showed more significant correlations with sections of the SP, while <> and <> sections, which were correlated with most of the development areas explored with the PCD-R. The variance analysis comparing the averages of development reached in the PCD-R, according to the SP results showed statistical differences between the averages in six of nine factors evaluated, being the regulatory disorder the group that makes a difference for the respect to two others. The results of the evaluation about the relationship between caregiver and child valued by the scale Parent-Infant Relationship Global Assessment Scale (PIR-GAS) DC: 0-3, did not show differences in the average ratios of development in the PCD-R among the three groups that were conducted. Nevertheless was noted that children with affected sensory profile presented problems more frequent in relation to the caregiver. Discussion Data from the study population showed values close to those reported by the respective instruments, discreetly above the expected variance similar to that described in the standardized tests. In the most of the development areas, the group of girls had the highest averages ratios. This results are similar with that are described in the literature. We also found an increased frequency of regulatory disorders in boys, 3:1 or 2:1, which could be related with by patterns of socialization. Respect the parent-infant relationship there not found differences that affect significantly the child development, evaluated with the PCD-R, unless when the relatioship was significantly affected. Differences in integrating sensory stimuli, when impact the daily life of children are related to development in different areas. The functioning of the parent-infant relationship was not a variable that changed the effect of the association between sensory profile and development, as it showed no relations with psychomotor development, but shows relations with the sensory profile of the child. In conclusion, differences in the integration of sensory stimuli, when impacting on the daily lives of children at three years old, have an association with the development so that there are areas of development that appear to be more sensitive than others in a any child who presents regulatory disorder. The functioning of the mother-child relationship showed no relations with psychomotor development, however it did with the sensory profile of the child.

Con la intención de complementar los criterios del DSM-IV, en el caso de los niños pequeños, el Zero to Three/Centro Nacional para Programas Clínicos para Infantes, desarrolló la Clasificación Diagnóstica para los niños de cero a tres años (DC: O-3). El DC: 0-3, constó de cinco ejes. El eje I se refiere al diagnóstico primario, e incluyó los trastornos regulatorios y los trastornos del desarrollo que influyen en diferentes sistemas. Los trastornos regulatorios son de naturaleza constitucional y de maduración, basados en problemas sensoriales, sensoriomotores o de procesamiento; se caracterizan por dificultades que presenta el niño para regular su comportamiento sensorial, atencional, motor y/o afectivo, así como para organizar estados afectivos positivos, de alerta o acciones para calmarse. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue establecer la asociación entre las características del perfil sensorial con el desarrollo psicomotor del niño. Metodología Para valorar el nivel de desarrollo de los niños se utilizó el Perfil de Conductas de Desarrollo, en su versión revisada (PCD-R). Para reconocer un trastorno regulatorio se utilizó el Sensory Profile que valora el procesamiento sensorial del niño y su repercusión en la vida cotidiana. También analizó el nivel de funcionamiento de la relación cuidador-niño con la escala Parent-Infant Relationship Global Assessment Scale (PIR-GAS) del DC: 0-3. Resultados Los niños tuvieron una edad de 43.2+4.2 meses, 50% fueron niñas, el desarrollo mostró coeficientes aproximados de 105+15 puntos y fueron más altos en las niñas que en los niños en todas las áreas excepto habilidad manual, con diferencias significativas en lenguaje expresivo, alimentación y praxis. De manera global el Perfil Sensorial (SP) mostró 17 niños (31 %) con perfil sensorial <>; 21 (39%) con sospecha y 16 (30%) en el grupo de <>. La relación de trastornos regulatorios entre niños y niñas se dio en una razón de 3:1. Las secciones <>, <>, <> y <> presentaron mayor frecuencia de perfiles de los niños por fuera del comportamiento típico (50%). Los factores <> e <> fueron los más afectados con más del 50% de casos por fuera del rango típico. Todas las áreas del PCD-R tuvieron algún grado de correlación al menos con dos secciones del SP, siendo las áreas emocional/ social y lenguaje expresivo del PCD-R las que mostraron mayor número de correlaciones significativas con las secciones y factores del SP. Las secciones de <> y <>, fueron las que se correlacionaron con la mayoría de áreas del PCD-R. En el análisis de varianza entre los resultados globales del SP y las medias de los coeficientes del desarrollo mostró diferencias significativas en seis de las nueve áreas evaluadas. La relación cuidador-niño valorada con la escala (PIR-GAS) del DC: 0-3, mostró relación adaptada en 20 casos (37%), relación levemente afectada en 15 casos (28%) y relación disfuncional en 19 casos (35%), no se observó asociación entre los coeficientes del desarrollo del PCD-R según estos tres grupos de funcionamiento de la relación. Mediante análisis de correspondencia se corroboró que a mayor afectación del perfil sensorial, mayor alteración en la relación cuidador-niño. Las diferencias en la integración de estímulos sensoriales, cuando impactan en la vida cotidiana de los niños, guardan una asociación con el desarrollo en diferentes áreas. El funcionamiento de la relación cuidador-niño no fue una variable que modificase el efecto de la asociación entre el perfil sensorial y el desarrollo, ya que no mostró relaciones con el desarrollo psicomotor, pero sí con el perfil sensorial del niño.

Caracterização sensorial e análise bacteriológica do peixe-sapo (Lophius gastrophysus) refrigerado e irradiado / Sensorial characterization and bacteriological analysis of the peixe-sapo (Lophius gastrophysus) chilled and irradiated

As amostras de filé de peixe-sapo (Lophius gastrophysus) receberam doses de 3, 5, e 7kGy de radiação gama. A contagem de bactérias heterotróficas aeróbicas psicotróficas foi realizada em diferentes tempos de estocagem à temperatura de 0°C, juntamente com a amostra controle. Também foi analisado o perfil sensorial de sabor e aroma, além da avaliação da preferência quanto à cor. Dentre as amostras irradiadas, a que obteve melhor qualidade, quanto aos atributos e às amplitudes de sabor e aroma, foi a amostra irradiada a 5kGy. As amostras controle, 3, e 5kGy não diferiram significativamente entre si, sendo consideradas como as mais preferidas quanto à cor, sugerindo uma aparência de maior frescor, quando comparadas com a amostra 7kGy. Sugere-se a dosagem de radiação gama de 5kGy como a mais eficiente na manutenção da qualidade bacteriológica e sensorial em filé de peixe-sapo refrigerado.

The samples of the fillets of peixe-sapo (Lophius gastrophysus) received 3, 5 and 7kGy gamma irradiation. The count of psicotrophic aerobic heterotrophic bacteria was accomplished in different times of store to the temperature of 0°C, together with the sample control the sensory profile of the was analyzed. Also flavor and aroma besides the evaluation of the preference with relationship to color. Among the irradiated samples the on that obtained better quality, as attributes and flavor widths and aroma, it was the sample radiated to the 5kGy. The samples control, 3, and 5kGy didn't differ significantly each other being considered as the most favorite with relationship to the color, suggesting an appearance of larger coolness when compared with 7kGy sample. Dosage of radiation is suggested it gamma of the most efficient 5kGy as in the maintenance of the bacteriological and sensory quality in fillet of cooled peixe-sapo.